Monday, April 10, 2023

MCQ in Information Retrieval - What affects the Precision of an IR system?

Multiple choices questions in IR, Information Retrieval, Interview questions in IR, What affects the precision of an IR system? What is false positive error in IR evaluation metric? What is precision? Why does the increase in false positive error decreases precision?

Information Retrieval solved MCQ - Precision and false positive error

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1. ______ is affected by the number of false positive errors.

a) Precision

b) Recall

c) Both precision and recall

d) Neither precision nor recall


Answer: (a) Precision

Precision is affected by the number of false positive errors.

 

What is precision?

The proportion of retrieved documents those are relevant. Precision measures the system’s ability to reject any non-relevant documents in the retrieved set. Precision is measured as follows;

Precision = |RET ∩ REL|/ |RET|

where |RET ∩ REL| is the number of retrieved documents that are relevant to the given query. |RET| is the number of retrieved documents for the given query.

 

What is false positive error?

A false positive is an outcome where the model incorrectly predicts the positive class. In Information Retrieval, retrieval of a document that is non-relevant is referred as false positive error.

Precision is about the proportion of retrieved documents that are relevant. If a system retrieves the documents that are not relevant, then it will affect the precision (lower the precision) value.  

 

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Keywords

Increase in false positive error decreases precision of a system

Why precision decreases if false positive error increases

What is false positive error?

If the proportion of non-relevant documents increase in the result of an IR system, how does it affect the system?

Precision is affected by false positive errors


Thursday, March 9, 2023

Deadlock prevention in RDBMS - WOUND-WAIT algorithm

 Deadlock prevention algorithms in database management systems, wait-die algorithm, example transactions deadlock, how does wait-die algorithm work? deadlock prevention schemes


2. Wount-Wait algorithm:

Wound-wait algorithm is one of the deadlock prevention algorithm.

When a transaction T1 requests data item X held by transaction T2, deadlock prevention protocol decides to allow T1 to wait or to roll-back based on the following conditions;

Condition 1: If timestamp of T1 is larger than the timestamp of T2, ie, T1 started after T2, then allow T1 to wait for T2 to release lock on X.

Condition 2: If timestamp of T1 is smaller than the timestamp of T2, i.e, T1 started before T2, then roll-back T2. That is, the data item requested by T1 will be preempted from T2 and T2 is rolled-back.

Pictorial Representation of Working of Wait-die algorithm: 

Figure 2 - Working of Wound-wait algorithm



Points to note:

1. Deadlock prevention technique is used for a system for which the possibilities for entering a deadlock state are high.
2. Using 2 Phase Locking protocol to lock all the required data items at once may help in preventing deadlock at the cost of lower data-item utilization.
3. Every time Wait-die or Wound-wait roll-back a transaction, it is very important to ensure that the system does not choose the same transaction repeatedly. The repeated rollback of same transaction will lead to the state called Starvation. Both Wait-die and Wound-wait avoids starvation. This is handled by issuing the same timestamp for the transaction which is rolled back.
4. In Wait-die scheme, older transaction waits. In Wound-wait scheme, older transaction never waits.
5. The major drawback: both schemes lead to unnecessary rollbacks.

Related Links

Deadlock in database
Deadlock detection techniques INDEX
Database management systems home page  

Deadlock prevention - Home page




Deadlock prevention in dbms

How to prevent deadlock in database management systems

Wait die and wound wait algorithm in deadlock prevention

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