List the differences between a process and a program in operating system

List the differences between process and program in OS, operating system program versus process, what are the differences between a process and program in operating system environment

 

Question:

List the differences between a process and a program

 

Answer:

Program	Process
Static code and static data A program is an executable file which resides on the secondary, persistent memory (i.e., disk), and only contains the set of instructions needed to accomplish a specific job. One program can invoke multiple processes Multiple processes can run the same program	Dynamic instance of code and data A process is a particular executing instance of a program when loaded to main memory A process belongs to only one program.

 

 

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 List the differences between program and process in Operating system

Differentiate between program and process in OS

 

 

What is the difference between a monolithic operating system and one constructed around a microkernel?

Difference between monolithic kernel and microkernel, What are the major differences between OS that uses monolithic kernel and microkernel, monolithic kernel versus microkernel

Question:

What is the difference between a monolithic operating system and one constructed around a microkernel?

 

Answer:

Property	Monolithic kernel OS	Microkernel OS
Implementation	Single static binary file	Broken into separate processes known as servers
Size	Larger than microkernel	Small
Speed	Faster	Slower
User service and kernel service implementation	Implemented in same address space	Implemented in different address space.
Failure of a service	Service fails lead to complete system fail.	Service fail does not affect the OS
Addition of new feature with the kernel	Needs recompilation of the kernel	Complete recompilation is not required
Device drivers	Reside in the kernel space. This makes it insecure. (refer Failure of a service)	Reside in the user space.
Performance	High because any functions can be invoked directly as everything reside in the kernel	Low because servers invoke services from other servers through IPC.

 

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Related Questions:

• Distinguish between traditional interrupt-based I/O and DMA-based I/O.

• What is busy waiting with respect to a critical section problem? Can busy waiting be avoided?

• List the different inter process communication (IPC) mechanisms with examples.

• Describe the differences between symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing. What are advantages and disadvantage of multiprocessor systems?

• What is a file descriptor? What are the file descriptors in Unix OS for stdin, stdout, and stderr respectively?

• What is a special file? Define block special file and character special file with examples. What is the essential difference between a block special file and a character file?

• List three main advantages of Virtual Memory.

• Describe the differences among short-term, medium-term, and long-term scheduling.

• What are the major activities of an operating system in regard to process management?

 List the differences between micro and monolithic kernel in Operating system

Operating Systems Question Bank with Answers 19

What are the differences between a trap and an interrupt? What is the use of each function?

Question:

What are the differences between a trap and an interrupt? What is the use of each function?

Answer:

A trap is an exception that is reported immediately following the execution of the trapping instruction. It is a software-generated interrupt and is triggered by a user program to invoke operating system functionality.

An interrupt is a hardware-generated signal that changes the flow within the system. An interrupt handler is summoned to deal with the cause of the interrupt; control is then returned to the interrupted context and instruction.

An interrupt can be used to signal the completion of I/O so that the CPU doesn't have to spend cycles polling the device. A trap can be used to catch arithmetic errors or to call system routines.

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Related Questions:

• Distinguish between traditional interrupt-based I/O and DMA-based I/O.

• What is busy waiting with respect to a critical section problem? Can busy waiting be avoided?

• List the different inter process communication (IPC) mechanisms with examples.

• Describe the differences between symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing. What are advantages and disadvantage of multiprocessor systems?

• What is a file descriptor? What are the file descriptors in Unix OS for stdin, stdout, and stderr respectively?

• What is a special file? Define block special file and character special file with examples. What is the essential difference between a block special file and a character file?

• List three main advantages of Virtual Memory.

• What are the differences between a trap and an interrupt? What is the use of each function?

• Describe the differences among short-term, medium-term, and long-term scheduling.

• What are the major activities of an operating system in regard to process management?