Which data manipulation language is procedural in DBMS

Which of the following data manipulation language (DML) is Procedural DML?

Question:

2. Which of the following data manipulation language (DML) is Procedural DML?

(a) Relational Algebra
(b) Tuple Relational Calculus
(c) Domain Relational Calculus
(d) Structured Query Language

Answer:

(a) Relational Algebra

Relational Algebra is specifying WHAT data are required along with HOW to get those data. Hence it is a Procedural DML

Tuple relational calculus, Domain relational calculus, and Structured Query Language DMLs are specifying only WHAT data are required. Hence they are non-procedural or declarative DMLs.

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